It’s true and all of us know it…but the members of WBUT doesn’t seem to be knowing it!!! In case if you have forgotten it let me just remind you that this in this session 2008-2009 there has been till today 4 councellings and yes you have heard it right…..its four councelling sessions. The last of them being on the 16th of this month at the Science City Auditorium!!!! Can you imagine that!!! Four councellings in one academic session….and now they have made a mockery of the students by announcing the date for the first semester examinations on the 5th of December. What about the students who have taken admission through the fourth or even for that matter the 3rd councelling which was held just before the the Puja vacations. What about the future of those students? Personally speaking I have no idea what the WBUT members are doing!!! They are just fiddling about with our lives!!!
YOU ARE USER NUMBER:
Thursday, November 20, 2008
Wednesday, November 19, 2008
A SAD DAY FOR WBUTIANS!!!
Yesterday was a very sad day for we the students of WBUT especially those of those of the students of JIS college in Kalyani as reportedly 4 students were killed on their way home from Kalyani to Dum-Dum station. They were traveling in a crowded train probably the Sealdah –Kalyani Simanto local and when the train was a little away from Belghoria station the push of the people led to the death of four students and two are reported to be seriously injured. Some even say that the rod which is hung on to by the passengers got loose and as a very consequence the students died in the accident!!! Leaving aside the rumors as we Indians are very accustomed to the 19th of was indeed a very sad day for we the students of WBUT!!!
Saturday, November 8, 2008
TIMELINE OF COMPUTER SECURITY HACKER HISTORY
Read More.....
MAXWELL'S EQUATIONS
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD
Friday, October 31, 2008
DO WE REALLY WANNA BECOME ENGINEERS
DO WE REALLY WANNA BECOME ENGINEERS
On weekends away from the daily curricula something upsets me. That something is the question "Do we really want to become engineers?". There are only a few people around (at least what I know) who know what are they are doing with their lives and for the rest of us branded as budding engineers are we not just following the trend.
We all study hard in school at plus two level and to try get into a college of repute. This the general trend that is being followed. I think nowadays it is not your ambition that drives you it is the world around you that shapes your career .I still remember when I first entered class 11 I had no clue about my future . But then what happened I saw some enthusiast around me gearing up for entrance test preparations. Probably they were motivated by their parents. What do I do then ,I can't go against the trend so I also take up engineering as my goal ,God knows why. So I am here with 500 odds other students who probably did the same thing as me and figuring what our future holds for us now.
This is what life is governed by other forces around you . If anyone says that he has a mind of his own , doesn't care what others think about him and has his own way of doing things I would give you a liar.
But my question still remains unanswered are we all doing justice to our lives by pursuing engineering as our profession. Does anybody around me for that matter my seniors has the guts to stand up say that what he has chosen for his life is right for him. An intelligent student must take up engineering or medicine as his career. Is it that simple, probably not . This fact proves it that we are all so governed by the social laws. For that matter what is intelligence is it the art of mugging up and vomiting in the exams. Or is it the art of doing the important portions (as suggested by the teacher ) and cheating the rest in the exams. In my book anybody can be intelligent a last seater can be more intelligent than a topper because he has a mind of his own .Securing marks is not a intelligence quotient. Even Bill Gates was a college dropout . By this I don't to say that all of us should stop studying and we all would become Bill Gates .
Coming back to my point that one should spend some time in search of what is right for him. Agreed that this search is time consuming but we can all give it a try. Here lies one of the greatest disadvantages of the modern world that it has robbed all time out of your life.
So to some it up all I want to say is that all you people out there playing games , sleeping at hostel ,going out with girlfriend, or trying to make them ,attending classes ,all you back benchers sleeping in the class or disturbing the teachers is to take a deep breath and think is this what am I supposed to do in life am ,I doing justice to my life or am I just following the trend .
gaurav shrimali
ece 1st year
bitm santiniketan
plz do comment ur views
Saturday, September 27, 2008
E BOOK: Principles and Applications of Electrical Engineering
To download click here
FILE SIZE:6.96 MB
SOFT SKILLS...LET'S GET STARTED!!!
Top 60 soft skills
The Workforce Profile defined about 60 "soft skills", which employers seek. They are applicable to any field of work, according to the study, and are the "personal traits and skills that employers state are the most important when selecting employees for jobs of any type."
1. Math.
2. Safety.
3. Courtesy.
4. Honesty.
5. Grammar.
6. Reliability.
7. Flexibility.
8. Team skills.
9. Eye contact.
10. Cooperation.
11. Adaptability.
12. Follow rules.
13. Self-directed.
14 Good attitude.
15. Writing skills.
16. Driver's license.
17. Dependability.
18. Advanced math.
19. Self-supervising.
20. Good references.
21. Being drug free.
22. Good attendance.
23. Personal energy.
24. Work experience.
25. Ability to measure.
26. Personal integrity.
27. Good work history.
28. Positive work ethic.
29. Interpersonal skills.
30. Motivational skills.
31. Valuing education.
32. Personal chemistry.
33. Willingness to learn.
34. Common sense.
35. Critical thinking skills.
36. Knowledge of fractions.
37. Reporting to work on time.
38. Use of rulers and calculators.
39. Good personal appearance.
40. Wanting to do a good job.
41. Basic spelling and grammar.
42. Reading and comprehension.
43. Ability to follow regulations.
44. Willingness to be accountable.
45. Ability to fill out a job application.
46. Ability to make production quotas.
47. Basic manufacturing skills training.
48. Awareness of how business works.
49. Staying on the job until it is finished.
50. Ability to read and follow instructions.
51. Willingness to work second and third shifts.
52. Caring about seeing the company succeed.
53. Understanding what the world is all about.
54. Ability to listen and document what you have heard.
55. Commitment to continued training and learning.
56. Willingness to take instruction and responsibility.
57. Ability to relate to coworkers in a close environment.
58. Not expecting to become a supervisor in the first six months.
59. Willingness to be a good worker and go beyond the traditional eight-hour day.
60. Communication skills with public, fellow employees, supervisors, and customers.
How many soft skills do you possess?
How to improve your soft skills at work
In a previous article we listed 60 soft skills, which if practiced at the workplace, could boost your professional life.
Subjects like financial management, marketing management, HR management can be taught in the classroom and can be studied at home. But not soft skills. Soft skills are acquired and experienced on the spot and cannot be developed by merely reading textbooks.
The soft skills you gain will equip you to excel in your professional life and in your personal life. It is a continuous learning process.
The 60 soft skills mentioned can be classified into corporate skills, employability skills and life skills. In some parts of the world like in USA and Australia, soft skills are also known as world skills.
Corporate skills
These are generally CEO level skills, but if you are familiar with them you will be in a position to guide your boss towards success ie working together for a common goal as a team. You can become a courageous follower as mentioned by Ira Chaleff in his award-winning book Courageous Follower: Standing Up To and For Our Leaders.
These skills include:
~ Political sensitivity.
~ Business and commercial awareness.
~ Strategic awareness.
~ Understanding funding streams and mechanisms.
~ Information management.
~ Organisation and control.
~ Team building.
~ Communication and persuasion.
~ Networking and public relations.
~ Leading change.
Employability skills
These have to be mastered by employable graduates and freshers include communication, team working, leadership, initiative, problem solving, flexibility and enthusiasm.
Every skill helps us to learn one more as they overlap each other.
To quote an example, leadership encompasses a number of other skills including cooperating with others, planning and organising, making decisions and verbal communication. Verbal communication itself involves various means of communication, some of which you may find easier than others -- talking over the phone, making a presentation to a group, explaining something to a person with a more limited understanding of the topic for example.
By improving one skill, you may also improve a number of others. In the context of your career planning and development, they are called career management skills
Life skills
These skills are related to the head, heart, hands and health ie highly personal and behavioural skills which reflects our personality and naturally helps in personality development.
We manage and think with our head. Resilience, keeping records, making wise use of resources, planning/organising and goal setting are 'head' related managerial functions. Service learning, Critical thinking, problem solving, decision making and learning to learn were related to our thinking processes, which we manage with our head.
Functions of the heart are relating to people and caring. How do we relate to people? We relate to people by accepting differences, conflict resolutions, social skills, cooperation and communication. The second function we do through our heart is caring. We care through nurturing relationships, sharing, empathy and concern for others.
We give and work through our hands. Community service, volunteering, leadership, responsible citizenship and contributions to group effort -- are our way giving back to society. We work through our marketable skills, teamwork and self-motivation to get the things done.
Living and being comes under the functions of health. Healthy lifestyle choices, stress management, disease prevention and personal safety are our prime concerns for better living. Self-esteem, self-responsibility, character, managing feelings and self-discipline must be practiced without fail for our well-being. In a nutshell, the essence of life skills is share well, care well and fare well.
Things to do everyday
Follow these ten golden rules and enjoy every moment of living.
~ Greet your family members first thing in the morning. If you are not used to this, they will be surprised with your sudden and nice gesture.
~ Greet your peers, subordinates and boss once you enter the office. Smile at even the 'security' personnel standing at the gate, who takes care of your safety.
~ Greet your friends along the way and do not ignore them.
~ Continously reciprocate to breed communication. If you do not reciprocate at least with a 'thanks' when you get information or a source on your online network or your offline network, you will not be remembered for a long time. If you are not remembered, you are out of your network.
~ Be a proactive listener and empathise with others to command respect.
~ While talking to others, your voice, tone and tenor must be audible and soothing. It should not be aggressive or in a shouting mode.
~ Dress well to suit your profession and to create positive vibes in your workplace. If you are a sales representative, do not go out with printed shirts and jeans, which may turn down your customer.
~ Political and religious comments must be avoided at all costs in the workplace, when you are in a group.
~ Your communication should not provoke others.
~ Do not speak ill of others if you can help it.
Are you listening we?
Etiquette and polish, both in personal and business settings, are linked to how well we communicate.
Most people think communication is all about speaking and devalue the importance of listening.
And many others don't realise what a vast difference there is between simply hearing what is being said and really listening.
People who know how to listen learn more, care more, and end up being the ones we want to be around socially as well as professionally.
Want to improve your listening skills?
Understand why you need to listen and remember to practise these tips the next time you conduct a conversation.
Are your eyes listening?
Your eyes are a dead giveaway if you are not listening.
When your mind wanders and you begin thinking of something or someone else, your eyes show your disinterest. And the person speaking to you is well aware that you are not paying attention.
And this is true even if you don't look away. Blank stares don't conceal boredom!
How can you know if you are a bad listener?
A good listener uses his/ her eyes and mind while listening.
If you find yourself already formulating your next sentence in your mind while someone is speaking to you, you are doing injustice to the conversation.
You will get more out of the conversation if you understand, comprehend and assimilate what is being said BEFORE responding.
Good etiquette = listening!
Do you make these common listening mistakes?
The difference between being a good listener versus a great listener is using your heart in addition to your eyes and mind while listening.
Do you do this?
~ If a friend tells you something is wrong, you immediately tend to give advice or criticism.
~ If a friend tells you about something wonderful that has happened, you usually chip in with something similar that you have experienced.
Rarely do we share joy or sympathise with pain. Rarely do we just let others speak.
To improve your listening skills, practise with those closest to you.
When family members or friends share their thoughts and feelings, curtail the urge to relate what you hear to one of your own experiences.
What if a conversation bores you?
I believe 'interested people are interesting'.
Similarly, 'boring people get bored'.
You don't need to know a lot about a subject to have a conversation.
You just need to have a desire to learn, understand and make things interesting.
For example, if someone tells you they are a teacher, instead of saying, "That's nice," and moving on to the next topic, try to find out why they are teaching, how they decided on this profession and what their current thoughts on teaching are.
Dig deep and create meaningful conversations.
How do I get others to listen to me?
i. Listen more intently, question more, and speak with emotion.
Build interesting conversations instead of one-way lectures.
ii. Engage people while you speak. Ask questions like, "What do you think?" or "Do you agree?"
Try not to speak continuously for long periods. People tend to have short attention spans.
When you do not listen to what others are saying and only care to listen to your own voice, this is an indication that you really do not care for other people's opinions.
Think about who you really enjoy being around, at work or in your personal life. Usually it is those who really listen and care about you. Are you listening?
Wednesday, September 24, 2008
TOUGH JOBS, SOFT OPTIONS!!!
Are we really employable and if at all we are employable where do we stand? Is it at the driving seat or at the rear end!!! As the number of jobs in the market nears it breakdown point we are standing at the foot steps of our career threshold!!! It is upto us to decide where actually decide to stand!!! Its time for us to learn to dictate terms!!! And to do so let me start by this picture which says it all!!!
Friday, August 22, 2008
E BOOK: Schaum's Outline of Advanced Calculus, Second Edition By Robert C. Wrede, Murray Spiegel
FILE SIZE: 3.83 MB
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD
YOU WILL REQUIRE A PASSWORD TO OPEN THE .rar FILE.
HERE IS THE PASSWORD: books_for_all
E BOOK: Strength Of Materials parts I&II-Timoshenko
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD
INITIALLY REQUESTED BY DEBARSHI,1ST YR STUDENT, GREATER KOLKATA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, IT
Wednesday, August 13, 2008
E BOOK: LINKED LIST BASICS BY NICK PARLANE
FILE SIZE: 45.5 KB
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD
Tuesday, August 12, 2008
E BOOK: CHAPTER ON INFINITE SERIES
FILE SIZE: 130 KB
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD
INITIALLY REQUESTED BY DEBARSHI,1ST YR STUDENT, GREATER KOLKATA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, IT
E BOOK: ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS BY DEAN G.DUFFY
FILE SIZE: 17.8 MB
CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD
INITIALLY REQUESTED BY DEBARSHI,1ST YR STUDENT, GREATER KOLKATA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, IT
Sunday, August 10, 2008
E BOOK: C++ FOR BEGINNERS
FILE SIZE: 7.70 MB
HERE IS THE LINK:
http://rapidshare.com/files/136284594/C_1_.Plus.Plus.for.Dummies.For.Dummies.5th.Edition.May.2004.eBook-DDU.pdf.html
POSTED BY: SUMAN DUTTA
Saturday, August 9, 2008
E BOOK: Understanding-Physics---Student-Guide
FILE SIZE: 2.06 MB
TO DOWNLOAD CLICK HERE
Friday, August 8, 2008
E BOOK: Engineering - Formulas, Tables and Basic Circuits
http://www.esnips.com/doc/2ce3463d-dd78-4b89-ade6-5b0fe7638299/Engineering---Formulas,-Tables-and-Basic-Circuits
E BOOK: COMPUTER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE BY MORRIS MANO
http://www.esnips.com/doc/3bed70bb-35ad-40c8-829a-e3f92a2b2a42/morris_mano
E BOOK: JAVA 5 COMPLETE REFERENCE BY HERBERT SCHILDT
http://www.esnips.com/doc/7f488e2b-7f7e-4eba-aa5f-e00860340cc8/Java5-Complete_Reference-Herbert_Schildt
E BOOK: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS
http://www.esnips.com/doc/01d358cb-c5e9-43dd-b107-da7ac286c093/Digital-Electronics
E BOOK: THE C++ PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 3RD EDITION
http://www.esnips.com/doc/95952096-e9ad-4079-8c71-52c7f3aeb834/eBook___The_C___Programming_Language__Stroustrup__1997_
E BOOK: INTRODUCTION TO ALGORITHMS
http://www.esnips.com/doc/bc2f2873-51bc-4793-a698-31d9e0fece81/Introduction-to-Algorithms
TOP 100 COLLEGES IN INDIA IN 2007
- IIT Kanpur,Kanpur
- IIT Kharagpur,Kharagpur
- IIT Bombay,Mumbai
- IIT Madras,Chennai
- IIT Delhi,Delhi
- BITS Pilani,Pilani
- IIT Roorkee,Roorkee
- IT-BHU,Varanasi
- IIT Guwahati,Guwahati
- College of Engg, Anna University,Guindy
- Jadavpur University, Faculty of Engg & Tech,Calcutta
- Indian School of Mines,Dhanbad
- NIT,Warangal
- BIT, Mesra
- NIT,Trichy
- Delhi College of Engineering,New Delhi
- Punjab Engineering College,Chandigarh
- NIT,Suratkal
- Motilal Nehru National Inst. of Technology,Allahabad
- Thapar Inst of Engineering & Technology,Patiala
- Bengal Eng and Science University, Shibpur
- MANIT,Bhopal
- PSG College of Technology,Coimbatore
- IIIT,Hyderabad
- Harcourt Butler Technological Institute,Kanpur
- Malviya National Institute of Technology,Jaipur
- VNIT,Nagpur
- NIT,Kozhikode
- Dhirubhai Ambani IICT,Gandhinagar
- Osmania Univ. College of Engineering,Hyderabad
- College of Engineering, Andhra University,Vishakhapatnam
- Netaji Subhas Institute of Technology,New Delhi
- NIT,Kurukshetra
- NIT,Rourkela
- SVNIT,Surat
- Govt. College of Engineering,Pune
- Manipal Institute of Technology,Manipal
- JNTU,Hyderabad
- R.V. College of Engineering,Bangalore
- NIT,Jamshedpur
- University Visvesvaraya College of Engg.,Bangalore
- VJTI,Mumbai
- Vellore Institute of Technology,Vellore
- Coimbatore Institute of Technology,Coimbatore
- SSN College of Engineering,Chennai
- IIIT,Allahabad
- College of Engineering,Trivandrum
- NIT Durgapur,Durgapur
- SIT,Calcutta
- Mumbai University Inst of Chemical Tech,Mumbai
- Sardar Patel College of Engineering,Mumbai
- P.E.S. Institute of Technology,Bangalore
- Maharashtra Institute of Technology,Pune
- Amrita Institute of Technology & Science,Coimbatore
- National Institute of Engineering,Mysore
- B.M.S. College of Engineering,Bangalore
- Laxminarayan Institute Of Tech.,Nagpur
- Nirma Institute of Technology,Ahmedabad
- IIIT,Pune
- Amity School of Engineering,Noida
- JNTU,Kakinada
- S.J. College of Engineering,Mysore
- Chaitanya Bharathi Inst. of Technology,Hyderabad
- IIIT,Bangalore
- SRM Institute of Science and Technology,Chennai
- SASTRA,Thanjavur
- Bangalore Institute of Technology,Bangalore
- The Technological Inst. of Textile & Sciences,Bhiwani
- IIIT,Gwalior
- JNTU,Anantpur
- M.S. Ramaiah Institute of TechnologyBangalore
- Gitam,Vishakhapatnam
- NIT,Hamirpur
- NIT,Jalandhar
- SV University Engineering College,Tirupati
- NIT,Raipur
- Vasavi College of Engineering,Hyderabad
- The ICFAI Inst of Science and Technology,Hyderabad
- NIT,Patna
- Cummins College of Engg for Women,Pune
- VIT,Pune
- Shri Ramdeo Baba K.N. Engineering College,Nagpur
- Muffakham Jah Engineering College,Hyderabad
- Karunya Institute of Technology,Coimbatore
- D.J. Sanghvi,Mumbai
- Sathyabhama Engineering College,Chennai
- Kongu Engineering College,Erode
- Mepco Schlenk Engineering College,Sivakasi
- Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College,Ludhiana
- Hindustan Inst of Engineering Technology,Chennai
- SDM College of Engineering,Dharwad
- R.V.R. & J.C. College Of Engg,Guntur
- Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi,New Delhi
- K.L. College of Engineering,Veddeswaram
- Dharmsinh Desai Institute of Technology,Nadiad
- S.G.S. Institute of Technology & Science,Indore
- Jabalpur Engineering College,Jabalpur
- Sree Chitra Thirunal College of Engineering,Trivandrum
- G.H. Patel College of Engg & Technology,Vallabh Vidyanagar
- Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology,Bhubaneshwar
Thursday, July 24, 2008
APJ Abdul Kalam:"A Leader Should Know How to Manage Failure"
http://youtube.com/watch?v=laGZaS4sdeU
ALWAYS GIVE UR 100 %
An elderly carpenter was ready to retire. He told his employer-contractor of his plans to leave the house building business and live a more leisurely life with his wife enjoying his extended family. He would miss the paycheck, but he needed to retire. He would get by.The contractor was sorry to see his good worker go and asked if he could build just one more house as a personal favor. The carpenter said yes, but in time it was easy to see that his heart was not in his work. He resorted to shoddy workmanship and used inferior materials. It was an unfortunate way to end a dedicated career.When the carpenter finished his work, the employer came to inspect the house. He handed the front door key to the carpenter. "This is your house," he said, "my gift to you." The carpenter was shocked! What a shame! If he had only known he was building his own house, he would have done it all so differently.So it is with us. We build our lives a day at a time, often putting less than our best into the building. Then, with a shock, we realize we have to live in the house we have built. If we could do it over, we'd do it much differently. But we cannot go back. You are the carpenter. Each day you hammer a nail, place a board, erect a wall. "Life is a do-it-yourself project," someone has said. Your attitude and the choices you make today build the "house" you live in tomorrow
GAURAV SHRIMALI (ECE BITM SANTINIKETAN)
E-BOOKS OF LIFE REFORMING STORIES
1) TANTRATOTEM: http://www.uploading.com/files/F9JURWS6/tantratotem_sr.pdf.html
2) THE MONK WHO SOLD HIS FERRARI:
http://www.uploading.com/files/JK568HTH/The_Monk_Who_Sold_His_Ferrari.pdf.html
3) RICH DAD POOR DAD:
http://www.uploading.com/files/0DR211OB/Rich_Dad_Poor_Dad.PDF.html
4) YOU CAN WIN:
http://www.uploading.com/files/IEW6SDIN/YOU_CAN_WIN_-_SHIV_KHERA.zip.html
STREAM--ECE
COLLEGE-BITM SANTINIKETAN
Saturday, July 19, 2008
Presidential form of Goverment in India?
The idea of a change in system of governance may seem preposterous but I have given it a serious thought before writing this blog. All the problems that the present government is facing are due to our system. The days of single party majority are gone and chances of it coming back, in the near future is remote. In the last two decades we have formed innumerable rag tag coalitions, which have hurt the Indian Democracy badly. Today the governments in power need to depend and give in to the whims and fancies of some king makers. The governments concentrate more on keeping themselves in power rather than on good governance. That’s the basic problem that we face today. We need to revamp this system in to more efficient one and for that wee need a Presidential form of government.
Two great and efficient democracies follow two kinds of Presidential form of governments,
The Russian system is such that various steps are completed before a President is elected. First a lot of candidates throw their name into the gauntlet and elections take place. The two candidates that secure the highest number votes then contest the election.
How will it work in the Indian system? The so called ‘netas’ will file their nomination papers with at least ten parliamentarians forwarding it. Due to the fragmented nature of our country no one will secure fifty one percent votes in the first stage. So the two best candidates move on to the second round. The losers will then throw their weight on the candidate of their choice. Finally we will have our own President.
Does such a system not automatically favour candidates from the more populous states? one may ask. Is there any chance that someone from Manipur or
Why should we underestimate the wisdom of the Indian Electorate?
The adoption of a presidential system will send our politicians scurrying back to the drawing boards. Politicians of all faiths across
Any politician with aspirations to rule
BY KRISHNENDU SANYAL, TECHNO
ABC OF OUR LIVES!!!
http://www.turboupload.com/download/EVZpYrVYz769/abcd.pdf
EBOOK ON C
http://www.turboupload.com/download/pVUy18Nhn5fY/LetUsC-YashwantKanetkar.pdf
JAVA BASICS!!!
I am giving you two programs and then explaining it, pls don't ignore the remarks as these are part of explanations!!!
EXAMPLE1
import java.io.*; // needed for BufferedReader, InputStreamReader, etc.
/** A Java program that demonstrates console based input and output. */
public class inputcode
{
// Create a single shared BufferedReader for keyboard input
private static BufferedReader stdin =
new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( System.in ) );
// Program execution starts here
public static void main ( String [] args ) throws IOException
{
// Prompt the user
System.out.print( "Type some data for the program: " );
// Read a line of text from the user.
String input = stdin.readLine();
// Display the input back to the user.
System.out.println( "input = " + input );
} // end main method
} // end MyConsoleIO class
The first line of the above program calls the method(function) java.io.* which contains the operations required for input and output operations. Next we have public class inputcode. The work of public here is to make this class accessible to the other classes though in this case there is only one class. public class inputcode also defines the anly class in this program that is input code. The line after the curly braces that is public static void main ( String [] args ) throws IOException is explained in parts!
public: The keyword public is an access specifier that declares the main method( function ) as unprotected and therefore making it accessible to all the other classes.
static: Next appears the keyword static, which declares this method as one that belongs to the entire class and not a part of any object of the class.
void: The type modifier void states that the main method does not return any values.
throws IOException: You will also have to inform the compiler that you are calling a method that may cause a
checked exception to occur. Add the phrase throws IOException clause to the header of any method that calls stdin.readLine(). You will also need to add this clause to any method that calls your method that calls readLine. Next come System.out.print(); which is the output code required in java. String input = stdin.readLine() reads a string from the keyboard. This is one of the simplest programs in Java!!!
EXAMPLE 2
import java.io.*;
public class sum
{
private static BufferedReader stdin =
new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader( System.in ) );
public static void main ( String [] args ) throws IOException
{
int a,b,sum;
String c,d;// THIS IS DONE TO CREATE 2 STRING VARIABLES WHICH ARE ACTUALLY NUMBERS AND LATER WE WILL CONVERT THE STRING CONSTANTS TO INTEGERS CONSTANTS
System.out.print( "Enter the values of two numbers: " );
c= stdin.readLine();
d = stdin.readLine();
a = Integer.parseInt( c );// converts a String into an int value
b = Integer.parseInt( d );// converts a String into an int value
sum=a+b;
System.out.println( "Sum = " + sum );
}
}
The main difference of example 1 with example 2 is that in example 1 we had required some string to be displayed after acquiring the string from the user but here the problem is that we require two numbers from the user. So what we do here is simply define 2 String variables and assign them values from the user. Note that these two values acquired are still after all strings and can't be used for summation or for that matter any mathematical operations. So we require to convert the string constants to integer constants and so we use Integer.parseInt() which converts string to integer!!!
CLASS, OBJECTS, CONSTRUCTORS!!!
Again we start the discussion with a program!!!
class rectangle
{
int length,breadth;
void value(int x, int y)
{
length=x;
breadth=y;
}
int area()
{
int abc=length*breadth;
return(abc);
}
}
class rectarea
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int area1;
int area2;
rectangle rect1=new rectangle();
rectangle rect2=new rectangle();
rect1.length=15;
rect1.breadth=10;
rect2.value(20,12);
area1=rect1.length*rect1.breadth;
area2=rect2.area();
System.out.println("Area1= "+ area1);
System.out.println("Area2= "+ area2);
}
}
Here we have defined 2 classes and have tried to show the how the two are related to one another. We have started with the class rectangle which is handling two data variables length and breadth and also 2 methods( functions ). The first function value is of type void and so as usual does not return any values!!! It simply assigns to the instance variables length and breadth.Note that the first function has 2 parameters. The second function area is of type int and so it returns a value of type int!!! It has no parameters. It computes the area by multiplying length and breadth and then returns this value i.e. the area which is of type integer. Then the next class rectarea starts which is the main class in this program. Firstly we have defined two instance variables area1 and area2 both of which are of integer types!!! Now the real thing starts. We then define two objects rect1 and rect2 of the rectangle class type. We have then described two methods of assigning values to the instance variable of class rectangle. One is by the direct use of the dot operator and the second one is by the direct use of methods of functions!!!
We now start our discussion on constructors and as always we start by writing a program :
class rectangle
{
int length;
int width;
rectangle(int x, int y) // constructor initialized….note that there is no return type!!!
{
length=x;
width=y;
}
int area()
{
int a=length*width;
return(a);
}
}
class rect
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int AREA;
rectangle A1 = new rectangle(15,10);
AREA=A1.area();
System.out.println("AREA="+AREA);
}
}
The above program makes use of a constructor….from the above program we can see the basic difference from a normal method…..as we had seen in the previous example. The only significant difference is that there is no return type not even void. This is because a constructor returns the instances of the entire class itself!!! In the main function there are differences. We notice that we can assign values to the instance variables directly during the creation of objects itself. It makes the program a lot less complicated!!! We now only need to access one method rather than 2 as we had to do in the previous example!!!
BY AGNIT CHATTERJEE, CSE, GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BATCH:2008-2012
